http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4619 2026-04-07T08:54:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5887 Title: TRENDES AND DETERMINANTES OF INCOME INEQUALITYIN ETHIOPIA Authors: BELAY, ASSEFA Abstract: Income inequality has been regarded as one of the most serious problem that most countries (both developed and developing countries) face today. Inequality can be signal of lack of income mobility and opportunity reflections of persistent disadvantage for particular segments of the society. The main objective of this study is to analyze the trends and examine the determinants of income inequality in Ethiopia from (1988 to2018). The data collected from World Development Indicator (WDI), the Global Economy, World Data Bank and National Bank of Ethiopia websites. The method of analysis was both descriptive and econometrics analysis. In descriptive analysis, the trend of income inequality, real GDP per capita, unemployment rate, net primary school enrollment rate trade openness and inflation rate have been analyzed. To check the verifiability of the estimated long run model, some diagnostic test is undertaken. This paper used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) in order to investigate the long-run and short run relationship between the dependent variable (income inequality) and its determinants. To test stationary Augmented Dickey –Fuller (ADF) test and Phillpes Perron (PP) test were used. All the determinants have got with a sign as expected by the paper. The finding of the Bounds test shows that there is a stable long run relationship between income inequality and real GDP per capital, School of enrollment rate, trade openness, unemployment rate and general inflation rate. The study results real GDP per capita, unemployment rate and inflation rate have a positive impact on income inequality. The remaining has negative impact. In the long run analysis, real GDP per capita, net primary school enrollment rate, unemployment rate and constant are statistically significant .The error correction coefficient, estimated at -0.84277 is highly significant, has the correct negative sign, and imply a very high speed of adjustment to equilibrium. According to the econometrics analysis, real GDP per capita and unemployment rate are the main determinants of income inequality for Ethiopia based on ARDL model estimation result. According to the thesis, the paper gives some policy recommendations. Like the government or other responsible body should focus on the countries growth and development, decreasing unemployment rate, Inflation rate the expansion of education access and the development of international trade in order to reduce the income gap of the people. And the policies should consider the poor to participate them from the countries benefit. 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5168 Title: ANALYSIS OF CROP MARKET PERFORMANCES: THE CASE OF MASALEMIA MARKET IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Authors: ASSEFA, YOSEF Abstract: An efficient agricultural marketing is crucial for effective agricultural and rural development, which areprecondition for sustained increase in agricultural production, and producer’s income. This study examined crop marketing performance in Mesalemia crop market of Addis Ababa, were very densely populated which comprise more than 2500 traders and unknown number of producers and consumers in Addis Ababa.The study was based thegathered data 200 sample from population using probability sampling design of multi-stage sampling technique with two stages, in the first stage is stratified based on trading tribute of producers, traders, consumers and stakeholdersandin the second stageprobability proportional sample size (PPS), to each strata of market actors were50 from producers, 100 from traders, 20 from Consumers and 30 from Stakeholders was also collected fromthe farm of the producers, from the bureau of concerned stakeholders and from Mesalemia crop market of traders and consumers. Data was collected through the interview by using survey methodby degree of semi structured questionnairefrom all market actors and stakeholders. The market concentration indicated that the crop market structure at Mesalemiais fairly competitive. The major barriers to entry and constraints to crop trade in Mesalemia included lack of working capital; market information and high competition with unlicensed traders have a negative impact on the performance of the crop marketing system. The possible recommendations forwarded are support formal access to credit for traders and farmers, strengthen access to market information encourage licensing of traders, intervention to increase production by using improved agricultural inputs, strengthen and conduct a research on the different components of the Mesalemia marketing system. 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5167 Title: THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON LIVESTOCK SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN ETHIOPIAN Authors: TADESSE, DEREJE Abstract: Livestock play multiple critical role in the Ethiopian economy by providing food, input for crop production and soil fertility management, raw material for industry, cash income as well as in promoting saving, fuel, social functions, and employment. Despite of owning the largest livestock resources in the country. The sector not yet reached the desired stage of development due to several factors and constraints. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of livestock government expenditure on livestock development in Ethiopia using a time series data from 1980 – 2019, also the study identifies the contribution of sector to the economic development and expenditure adequacy. A secondary data collected from published and unpublished source of MoA, MoFAD, CST, NBE, and FAOSTAT used on the variables of livestock GDP share, government livestock expenditure, livestock export value, livestock population, livestock production index, animal health service coverage, change in cattle death rate and control variables (inflation and exchange rate). The long-run and the short-run interaction among the variables identified using Johansson cointegration and Vector Error Correction methods. The long-run analysis indicates that livestock expenditure, livestock population and production index have a significant positive impact on the development of the livestock sector at 1% significant level, while the control variables have negative effect. Also, change in cattle death rate has positive effect at 5% significant. The long-run elasticity of the government expenditure has 0.998% impact on the sectoral development. In short-run the current year sectoral development has negative 1.6% effect on next year development while current year expenditure has 1.7% positive impact. The descriptive analysis deployed to identify the adequacy of expenditure and its contribution on economic development and the result show that highly inadequate spending and tangible contribution to national economy. In general, the government spending shows the commitment of the government and its role to support the sector and the study identify that the livestock sector has significant importance on the economy but less government expenditure, that need improvement by expanding livestock related revenue collection and proper resource allocation with utilization. 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5166 Title: DETERMINANTS OF VOLUME FLUCTUATION IN ARICULTURAL EXPORT IN ETHIOPIA Authors: ADDIS, ZIENAW Abstract: This study tries to assess the determinants of fluctuation in the volume of agricultural export in Ethiopia. Today’s theories of economic development emphasize improving export performance as a vital component to international competitiveness and rapid growth and development. The main problem that this study tries to address is why the Ethiopian Agricultural product export trade performance is unsatisfactory in spite of its long time entrance into the international market and the paradox that Ethiopia has a capable labor force, low wage rate, a wide range of weather and soil conditions, the country exports are agricultural products, but the sector is characterized by its volatility from year to year instead of achieving its targeted level. The objective of the study had conducted to identify the major determinants of fluctuations in the volume of agricultural crop export in Ethiopia, to examine to what extent infrastructural issues determine agricultural exports, to determine the effect of government policy on export volume, to assess to what extent product quality determines agricultural export and to examine the extent of financial support determine agricultural export. In order to analyze the determinants of agricultural export volume fluctuations explanatory research design were employed and for the purpose of this data were collected from 99 exporters and 10 government professionals. Collected data’s were analyzed through descriptive analysis method and econometrics analysis specifically the researcher use ordered legit regression. The findings of the study revealed that infrastructure, government policy, quality, and finance had a positive effect on export of agricultural products; whereas, domestic price shows a negative association with export of agricultural exports volume. Therefore, in order to make Ethiopian export products competitive in the world market, special attention should be given to the issue of quality through better quality standardization system, effective export policy implementation, infrastructural and credit facilities should be improved. 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z