http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2534 2026-04-06T04:49:46Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2561 Title: ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA IN ADDIS ABABA Authors: Abera, Yemisrach Abstract: An organizational culture is a system of shared beliefs and attitudes of its members. However, organizational culture has been an area in which conceptual work and scholars in organizational management have provided guidance for mangers as the culture improves its effectiveness. Every organization is assumed to have its own culture - organizational culture, which is hidden and difficult to identify. The purpose of this study was to to assess and to analyze organizational culture which has been in practice at the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in its current situation. In this study, crosssectional descriptive survey design was used. Moreover, semi-structured interviews of qualitative research method were employed by the researcher. The total sample size was 60 employees drawn from the Head Office of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Structured questionnaires, interview guides, as well as focus group discussion schedule were employed to collect primary data from the sampled respondents, key informants and the group discussants respectively. In addition, the secondary data were collected from relevant, potential documents located in different resources centers, including the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia using documentary analyses. The quantitative data collected was analyzed manually using descriptive statistical technique and presented as frequency distributions in terms of frequencies and percentages In addition, the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Fifty-four percent of the respondents believed that the Bank’s workers strongly shared its vision, and sixty-three percent of them did not strongly share the Bank’s procedures, rules and regulations. The majority of the study participants rated the workers’ commitment and their involvement in the decision making process as weak, and stated lack of role clarity in the Bank. In addition, there were lack of openness of information flow in all directions and internal communications, transparency, openness and fairness in making decision, accountability, consistency, as well as the Officials did not treat everyone similarly in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. However, there was strong feeling of belongingness to the group inthe Bank. Organizational celebrations were also found to be the dominant organizational culture in the Bank. Generally, negativistic cultural values (such as strong subjectivity, highly centralized values, weak working relationships and mistrust) among colleagues were found in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. The dominant organizational culture in the current situation of the CBE is composed of organizational directions, like shared vision, strategies and policies, clarity of objectives, shared procedures, rules and regulation were found to be slightly stronger than the rest of cultural values considered in the study. Therefore, the General Manager of the Bank should create awareness regarding proper organizational cultures through various training workshops, meetings and celebrations. In addition to these, the Bank should work with different national and international management consultants on how to change the current organizational culture so that the Bank may improve and develop better cultural values that may contribute to its overall performance. By and large, the concerned Officials and stakeholders should develop a system which brings about cultural changes in the Bank and then these endeavor may create better working conditions and enabling environment. 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2560 Title: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN ETHIOPIA Authors: Akalu, Sirak Abstract: The purpose of the study was to reveal environmental subordination of international trade institutions. It also determined the fate of the environment after the accession of Ethiopia to the international trade institutions. There is no single institution enforcing trade-environment debates. However, there are no clear and adequate legal provisions in the existing international or regional trade organization legal frameworks recognizing the environment as legal personality. International trade instigates one of the environmental problems like global warming, environmental degradation and economic globalization. It is also a failure of regulating TNCs which has led to further the problem. The general objective was to analyze the legal frameworks of international trade institutions and the danger that it may pose on the environment of Ethiopia. In order to attain the general objective, the study tried to point out the role of TNCs subordination of environmental concerns using doctrinal legal research methods complemented by some non-doctrinal/socio-legal research methods and by employing content analysis of qualitative data analysis. The findings of show that the Ethiopian policies and laws will be adversely affected by the legal frameworks of the international trade institutions. When Ethiopia accedes to the WTO or ratify other regional FTA Agreements, the applicability of the constitutionally guaranteed rights will be highly limited as a result of the weak legal framework of international institutions in protecting the environment. In sum, the legal frameworks of those international trade institutions will negatively impact on the Ethiopian environment. One may conclude that the efforts of the Ethiopian Government to accede to the WTO may negatively affect the country’s environment because the legal frameworks of the international trade institutions exacerbate poverty and environmental degradation which are against the Ethiopian GTP and the CRGE. Surprisingly, there is an economic growth without Ethiopia has accessed to WTO. Thus, it is recommended that the Ethiopian government should establish an independent and permanent environmental adjudicatory body in order to battle environmental harms caused by joining to the international trade institutions, like WTO. Finally, if the Government aspires to protect the Ethiopian environment, it should also refrain it self from accessing to the international trade institutions. 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2559 Title: WEB-BASED SEAMAN MANNING ETHIOPIAN SHIPPING LINES Authors: W/Amanual, Senait; Hailul, Ghirmai; Abate, Temesgen; Mulugeta, Abiy Abstract: The purpose of this Project was to solve practical problems of Seaman Manning Department of the Ethiopian Shipping Lines Company by developing user friendly software database which is web-based seaman system. In the Company, there was difficulty in accessing easily pieces of information on its seamen in the vessels. To this end, the Project generally made the ESL services more satisfactory to seaman than the previous times which, in turn to its customers. Specifically, the research-based Project also aimed at (a) assessing and analyzing the existing system to investigate and to identify the problems with the ESL; (b) observing the benefits of implementing webbased seaman manning system in the ESL; (c) developing software to process the activities of recording seaman data; (d) eliminating the burden of paper usage as much as possible in the Company; (e) simplifying searching for documents; and (f) providing reliable, timely and accurate information about the seaman corresponding body (such as Manning Officer for Administration HRM report). Data were collected using interviews using interview guide, survey using standard questionnaire and direct observation using observation checklist methods. The team members used Object Oriented System Analysis and Design (OOSAD) technique and the tools, such as the Argo UML, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Project and Microsoft Office. In the process of finding problems of the existing system, the team used PIECE (Performance, Information, Economics, Control, Services). Practices, like passport book issuance, seaman book issuance, medical certificate validation, vaccination card issuance, coordinating visa issuance activities and seaman reporting should be preserved from the existing system On the other hand, there are alternative options to address problems of the existing system. These are: (a) to examine our options we will perform SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threat) analysis technique; (b) there are generally two options off-the-shelf and custom soft wares. In addition to examining general software category, the team also identified the following three types of database development approaches: standalone database, distributed database approach, and centralized database approach. The Project team proposed a webbased seaman manning system by developing user friendly software and database to improve the problems mentioned above. There are functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed system. The functional requirements include: (a) validate user which are users should have user name and password; users can be anadministrator; seaman; manning officer; HRMA Manager; evaluator (i.e. HRM Division Head, Technical Manager, Training Officer, and Captain); the system prompts the user to enter password and user name; and (b) If they are correct, the system will display the required page else it prompts the user to reenter his correct identity. The non-functional requirements include: (a) The system should be operational for 24 hours per day; (b) For most queries, the system should generate report in short period of time; (c) virus protection facilities; and (d) efficient backup every week. In addition to these, the proposed system has documentation, user interface and performance. Regarding exception and error handling, the Project devised portability, reusability and maintainability. As to essential modeling, administrator, captain, fleet manger, HRMS, and technician were identified as major actors. The use cases identified are: (a) Login; (b) Register new employee; (c) Search seaman information; (d) Register new staff; (e) Follow up employee; (f) Recommendation; and (g) Technical Issue. The design deliverables include: class type architecture, controller classes of the system and business classes of the system in design. In addition, the five-layer class-type architecture for the design of the objectoriented software which include: user interface layer, controller/process layer, business/domain layer, persistence layer, and system layer was employed. In conclusion, designing seaman manning system helps the ESL Company to ease its burden and lessen the cost by facilitating manning order report generation and by avoiding some of the problems which are related to the above activities. Finally, it is recommended that the HRM Division of the Company should utilize the benefits of web-based information technology system and should implement this Project to solve its problems faced on this particular area. The ESL should also extend the Project by adding its some other uncovered tasks. 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2557 Title: APPLICABILITY OF SOCIAL MARKETING IN ETHIOPIAN NATIONAL TOBACCO ENTERPRISE S CO. IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Authors: Teklay, Niguse Abstract: Tobacco smoking causes so much disease that it is estimated to kill approximately half of its regular long time users. Since the devastating health impacts from tobacco smoking were first widely identified in the 1950s, much focus has been on limiting its damaging impact upon society. This has included various tobacco control efforts, such as changing policy, regulation, and law. Social marketing works to help people change their behaviors to become healthier or to improve society or the world in some way. Hence, this study is done investigating a study on applicability of social marketing in national tobacco enterprise (ETH) s.co. 150 respondents were purposively selected using non-probability sampling technique from three areas found in Kirkos Sub City. And questionnaire and interview were used as primary data collection instruments. And then a descriptive analysis of it was done. Quantitative data were also used to substantiate the study. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the student smokers (respondents) have no deep awareness about tobacco related harms, exposed to different tobacco related effects, influenced by their friends to start smoking. Furthermore, the content of cigarette is highly attractive, addictive, toxic and palatable and also the price is cheap and highly available. Based on the results of the findings conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made. 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z